CBD consumers trying to make sense of terms like “full spectrum” and “broad spectrum” on labels are getting some help in New York state, where new rules for hemp extracts are winning praise from some in the hemp industry who say they could serve as a template for future state or federal action.
Hemp operators are also applauding New York’s first-in-the-nation regulations allowing THC limits to be up to 3% THC for “intermediate sales” between licensed hemp processors in the state. That’s noteworthy, hemp industry supporters say, because it recognizes there is a point in the extraction process where the THC temporarily rises above the allowable limit of 0.3% THC.
“This is important because as the marketplace matures, facilities may specialize in certain aspects of the extraction process such as THC remediation,” said Asa Waldstein, senior vice president of operations for Functional Remedies in Colorado.
“This new regulation supports business rather than hinder it by allowing intrastate distribution between licensed extractors. This allows this common practice to come out of the shadows in a legitimate manner, a sign of a maturing industry.”
Joy Beckerman, a hemp consultant, called New York’s THC limits on intermediate sales “courageous and empowering.”
“They recognize it and they think, ‘Hey, this material could be transferred between processors and manufacturers within state lines but it cannot be used for the end consumer,” she said.
How government agencies should treat this “intermediate” hemp extract has become a matter of dispute. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration published a rule in August that many in the hemp industry read as criminalizing the part of the extraction process where THC levels spike, by classifying that material as a Schedule 1 substance.
The Hemp Industries Association and a South Carolina CBD manufacturer have filed two separate legal actions against the DEA asking a judge to block the agency from enforcing its August rule.
State rules
New York’s regulations released last month also lay out the permitting requirements that growers, processors, manufacturers and retailers must follow, as well as dosing limits for product manufacturers.
With this set of rules, New York joins other states setting their own standards for ingestible CBD and other cannabinoids, flouting federal health guidance that the extract can’t go in food.
Under the rules, CBD-infused food and beverages can’t contain more than 25 milligrams of cannabinoids, including CBD. Packaging can’t be made to attract minors, and products can’t be mixed with alcohol nor tobacco, and they can’t be sold in patches, inhalers or as injectables. The sale of smokable hemp flower in New York is prohibited.
New York would also define the types of extracts used in consumer products.
New York defines “full spectrum” as:
- Derived from a hemp extract.
- Contains cannabinoids, aromatics, essential vitamins and minerals, fatty acids, protein, chlorophyll, flavonoids or terpenes.
- Has not been reformulated or has not had cannabinoid isolates or distillates added to it.
An extract labeled as “broad spectrum” must be:
- Extracted from hemp containing multiple cannabinoids, but where all delta-9 THC has been removed.
And an extract labeled as “distillate” is defined as:
- A concentrate where a segment of cannabinoids from an initial extraction are selectively concentrated through heating and cooling, with all impurities removed.
New York dsefines “isolate” as:
- A concentrate that is more than 95% comprised of a single cannabinoid compound created by a chemical extraction process.
The health department is accepting public comment on the regulations between Nov. 10 and Jan. 11.
Potential influence on FDA
Beckerman says she think New York’s standards will inspire other regulators and even the the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
“They understand that in the absence of the FDA taking the reins and creating a framework, that somebody is going to have to sort of lead the way,” Beckerman said.
The FDA has publicly asked for information about the efficacy of full-spectrum hemp extracts versus isolated hemp extracts.
The only federally approved CBD product, the epilepsy drug Epidiolex, contains isolated CBD without other cannabinoids. The FDA has made no public conclusions about the different kinds of hemp extract, making New York’s regulation even more influential, Beckerman said.
“That could essentially become a template for the FDA,” she said.
To watch hemp insiders debate the value of full-spectrum extracts, check out Hemp Industry Daily‘s recent “Great Isolate Debate” here.
Ivan Moreno can be reached at [email protected]
